The Queen of Great Britain as Her Highness the Empress and Duke de Saxe-Hildburgh II and 1st Earl of St George who ascended from Danish King Harald in 1333. She was the only female heir to Henry III, Henry VII, and Richard III. The longest-reigning monarch of English history, she is the oldest reigning female head of state, having reigned for more than 500 years, starting with her marriage to King Edward V in April 1504 and ending in abdication in 1532, when he died on June 6, 1537.
She was the third daughter of Edward IV (the first child of Henry VII) and Katherine Howard; both his wives had been killed by Henry Percy after she bore him a fourth child. As a young woman, Princess Margaret's sister was the mother of Henry VIII's two daughters but she had been killed by Hilda Swartz when they were very young, after which Henry married his second wife Anne Boleyn.
He died on January 25, 1533, of a gunshot wound to the throat and was succeeded by his son Edward VI. He was buried at Westminster Abbey, London, in 1537.
Queen Elizabeth, I became a grandmother to Edward VI's sons Harry (born 1833), William (born 1870), Louis (born 1885), and Henry (born 1895).
She became a grandmother to Prince Harry on July 12, 1952.
In February 1962, she declared Edward VI Her Highness the Earl of Wessex. After his mother died in 1544, Edward VI assumed the title of king and died at Windsor Castle, Berkshire, on March 2, 1546.
During her husband's reign, she became patron and protector of her father's house, including Clarence House, Stoke Moran House, and Cromwell Palace, making her one of Britain's wealthiest women.
During his rule, Queen Elizabeth was an outspoken advocate of religious tolerance and anti-imperialism and often opposed what she saw as perceived unfair treatment of the Church of England. For example, in 1662, she wrote letters to Thomas Cromwell, urging him to allow her to use any royal chapel she desired at court, but this was not granted.
She held numerous honors and positions during Louis XIV's French wars, although most of these roles were taken up by her brother Edward VII. When Charles James (the eldest son) died in 1680, at age 24, Queen Elizabeth inherited his crown, becoming queen dowager of Ireland and later of England. She received many knighthoods throughout her life. In 1707, she was made Grand Mistress of Letters and Arts. One hundred and forty years later, she was appointed Lady Palatine and served as an advisor to the Lord Chancellor until she died in 1830.
On November 28, 1974, Queen Elizabeth became the sixth Romanova of Russia following its victory over Japan in World War II. She is currently Empress of Norway and Macedonia, and grandmother to Catherine and Sophie, who was born to British aristocrat Nicholas Spencer. She married her second cousin Charles Edward Stuart Mountbatten in 1931, but their union did not last long, resulting in Mountbatten's being divorced in 1937.
The Commonwealth
In 1909, the British government adopted the principle that it should serve the people in all its institutions, and thus become the most important unit of society.
The Monarch held the key public office of the sovereign and served as head of the national policy of the country. At her coronation in 1936, Elizabeth I, along with Charles and Diana, joined the world of the Commonwealth.
Queen Elizabeth has held several honorary degrees including Officer of the Order of the Garter, Officer of the Rosales, Commander in Chief of the Honorable Statesman, Commander of the Order of the Star Cross, Honorary Commandant of the Royal Military College St Andrew's, and several others. She has received the following awards: Companion of the Order of the British Empire (1973), CBE; Member of the Legion of Freedom of the United Kingdom (1964), MBE; Fellow of the Royal Academy of Science (1975) Honorary Doctorate in Civil Law (1973), LLB; Commander of the Order of Australia (1931); OBE (1939), CBE; Order of Saint Barbara (1994); BEM (1995); Damehood of Her Majesty the Duchess of Cornwall (1996).
Personal life
The couple married at Westminster Abbey, London, on November 28, 1954. They had four children, Charles Edward Frederick, Alexandra Alexandra Alice Margareta Maria Eugenie, Andrew Phillips Lionel Robert Scott Gordon, and Helena Louise Frances Wilton-Rice. Their eldest son Prince Charles' name is "Catherine" and the youngest Lady Alexandra is known under the surname
Eugenie
During her first term of service, she served as an ambassador abroad from 1953–54, where he became a General officer. During her second term of service as the Sovereign in 1958–59, she was given an OBE, MBE, D.S., and the titles Baroness of Alvearby, Lady Alexandra, and Alexandra Elizabeth.
On June 4, 1961, Elizabeth married Prince Philip, who was then 10th Earl Spencer. They are the parents of three children together, Laura and Jack, whose marriage ended in divorce, and Phillip and Zara Tindall, who are now divorced.
Royalty
Elizabeth is the first cousin of Queen Mary Theresa who became Queen of Scots. Queen Victoria became the first female sovereign in Britain in 1861–62. On May 9, 1950, Elizabeth became Countess of Hastings after marrying John Fisher Russell and moving into Kensington Palace.
In October 2005, Elizabeth I took part in the 100th-anniversary commemorations of the establishment of Britain's parliament, the "Parliament of the People’s Peace", at Buckingham Palace.
She was also awarded the highest civilian honor, the Companion of the Order of the British Empire (Order of the Garter).
In November 2012 London announced plans for a memorial to be constructed on a plot of land overlooking the River Thames. Construction began in September 2014.
On December 14, 2006, Elizabeth launched her Platinum Jubilee Project, named after a series of jewels and gems created between 1926 and 1944 to celebrate her birthday.
Family lineages
Elizabeth the First
Elizabeth the Second
List of direct descendants
Lionel Bonaventure de La Tour d'Olonne, 1st Baron La Tour d'Olonne (1933–1953)
Theresa Marie-Elisabeth Françoise de La Place (1855–1925)
Emma Julia-Marie Georges Dubourgère de La Tour d'Olonne (1855–1949)
Emma Marie-Elisabeth Françoise du Lac-de-Isere (1854–1903)
Emma Frédéric Simon de la Tour d'Olonne (1855–1946)
Emmanuel Alexandre Dumais de La Tour d'Olonne (1855–1944)
Emma Charlotte Joséphine Marie Dubourgère du Lac-de-Isere (1856–1919)
Emma Marie-Elisabeth Françoise Du Lac-de-Isere (1858–1943)
Emmanuel Alfred du Lac-de-Isere (1860–1927)
Emmanuel Alfred-Charles Dupuy de la Tour d'Olonne (1861–1936)
Emmanuel Aubès-Aubès Du Lac-de-Isere (1864–1928)
Emmanuel Jean Paul-Jean Dubois du Lac de Isere (1875–1939)
Emmanuel François Maurice Denis du Lac-de-Isere (1878–1949)
Emmanuel Augustin Nicolas du Lac-de-Isere (1887–1934)
Laurent Pierre du Lac-de-Isere (1888–1944)
Emmanuel Augustin Nicolas du Lac-de-Isere (1890–1936)
Emmanuel Augustin Nicolas du Lac-de-Isere (1891–1952)
Emmanuel Bernard Jacques du Lac-de-Isere (1893–1949)
Emmanuel Benedict Xavier du Lac-de-Isere (1895–1933)
Emmanuel Emmanuel Bernard Dubois du Lac-de-Isere (1904–1969)
Emmanuel Francois Jacques Dubois du Lac de Isere (1906–1952)
Emmanuel Dominique Bernard Dubois du Lac-de-Isere (1909–2000)
Emmanuel Marcel Francois du Lac-de-Isere (1918–2009)
Emmanuel Dominique Francis du Lac-de-Isere (1921–2019)
Emmanuel Edmond Victor Jean Bernard du Lac-de-Isere (1933–1947)
Emmanuel Raymond Jacques Bernard du Lac-de-Isere (1939–1974)
